Steam power plant maybe is the most common power plant in the world. This technology converts from heat into electricity. Steam Power Plant has at least two parts, Turbine and Generator. Turbine is the system which converts from heat energy into kinetic energy (Rotation) and Generator is the system which use kinetic energy to produce electricity.
TURBINE
To produce rotation, turbine needs heat source. It can be coal, gasoline, kerosene, etc. This heat energy is used to boil the water. Because of that, phase of water will be changed from water (liquid) to vapor (gas/steam). This steam is used to rotate the rotor of the turbine. The figure.1 bellow explain about that.
Figure 1. (a) Schema of turbine; (b) Illustration from heat into rotation
If the system is like that figure, it will needs water more and more because after the steam rotate the rotor, steam is thrown away. The solution of this problem is Rankin cycle.
In rankine cycle, steam will be used again. Figure 2 is explanation about that.
Figure. 2
After rotate the rotor, steam enter to condenser. In condenser steam phase will be changed from steam (gas) into water (liquid) and all the water will be collected in a tank. From tank, water is pumped to boiler again, and the process is repeat again and again.
That is the principle of simple turbine system which allow convert from heat into rotation.
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