Friday, July 15, 2011

Cooling Load Estimation


Design and selection HVAC System based on determination cooling load and heating load. There are several methods to determine cooling load and heating load. The most common method is cooling load temperature differences/Solar cooling load/Cooling load factor (CLTD/SCL/CLF) method. This method developed by ASHRAE along ago.

Cooling load is heat that must be removed from space or room or zone want to be cooled. There are several components must be considered.
  1. Conduction from building envelope. Heat is transferred from higher temperature to lower temperature. If outside temperature is higher than inside, so spontaneously heat enter inside space. Heat can enter the space through wall, roof, skylight, or windows.
  2. Radiation from sun through window and sky light
  3. Conduction through ceiling, partition walls and floor.
  4. Internal heat gain such as people, light, and equipment in the room.
  5.  Heat gain from infiltrating from outside through door, window, etc. 
  6. Cooling load calculation also needs to consider the ventilation heat gain and heat generated by fans in system.
There are latent heat and sensible. Sensible heat is heat which causes changes temperature. Besides that, Latent heat is heat which is not makes temperature difference. This heat cannot be measured by thermometer because no difference temperature occurs. This heat only causes phase change. The simple explanation about latent heat is when water is being heated and boiled, its temperature is stay at 100 oC although it is still being heated. This heat is used to change phase not to increase temperature.  Inside surrounding air contains moisture, latent in this case is related to phase change of the moisture.

Conduction from building envelope, radiation from sun, are the example of sensible heat and internal heat from people, infiltration is the example of both sensible and latent heat because moisture is involved. 

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