GENERATOR Alternate Current (AC)

Generator is equipment which can converts from mechanical energy (kinetic energy) into electricity. Generally, generator can be divided into two types: AC Generator and DC Generator. Generator can produce electricity based on the faraday which law which said that change of flux magnetic will produce electromotive force (electrical voltage).

Based on faraday law, to build generator we need magnetic field.  Flux magnetic is magnetic field which through at surface area.  We can get the change of flux magnetic by rotate/drive the surface. Figure 1. Is construction of Simple Generator

Figure 1. (a) construction simple generator. (b) its electrical voltage

There are two kinds of poles magnet: N and S, so there will be magnetic field from N to S direction. Field magnetic which is through the loop area, it is called flux magnetic.  Loop is wire which is made like a loop.  Flux magnetic will be maximum when loop is vertical and will be zero when loop horizontal. By rotate the loop, we can get the changes of magnetic flux and it will produce electromotive force/emf (Electrical voltage). greater number of loops will produce greater voltage. Loops is connected by wire to slip rings. Slip rings are driven as external rotator rotation. Slip rings are  also connected to brushes which is static (not rotate as slip rings). These brushes are made from conductor which can transfer electricity that we use it.

We can connect external rotator to turbine, thus we can simplify above:
Rotation of external rotator --> Rotation of loop --> changes of flux magnetic --> electromotive force (emf)

loop is connected to slip rings by wire, so electrical voltage can move from loop to slip rings and we can use it to our need.

Source of figure: Halliday, Resnick, Walker: Fundamentals of Physics