Electricity can be generated by several ways. One of them is by using faraday law which explained relation between electromotive force and magnetic flux. Electromotive force (electrical voltage) will occur if there are changes of magnetic flux.
Magnetic flux is magnetic field which through perpendicular on some area. If the area is parallel with magnetic field direction, the flux magnetic will be zero. If the area is perpendicular it will be maximum. See figure 1.
Figure 1. Generate the electromotive voltage.
We can see at the figure 1, magnet have magnetic field which have direction from north to south pole of magnet. Magnetic field through the circle of wire (it is magnetic flux). If we move the magnet, thus there are changes of magnetic flux at the circle of wire. Based on faraday law the electromotive force will occur. So, as we can see the electrical voltages are detected at galvanometer. If we move the magnet by the opposite direction, electromotive force also have the opposite value. For example at the figure we move the magnet into the circle of wire, then galvanometer show the positive voltage. if we move the magnet away from circle of wire, then galvanometer will show the negative voltage.
Besides that, the changes of magnetic flux also can occur if the circle of wire is moved. Based on this principle, electrical generator can be built. There are several types of generator, but generally generators are divided in two types: Alternate current generator and direct current generator.
Source of figure: Halliday, Resnick, Walker: Fundamentals of Physics
Source of figure: Halliday, Resnick, Walker: Fundamentals of Physics
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